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Typically, acute renal failure occurs as a complication of other serious diseases. Kidney disease like this generally diidap by the elderly or patients in hospital intensive care.
If not treated quickly, acute renal failure can cause permanent injury (kidneys stop functioning) or even endanger lives. However, if treated on time and the patient's general health condition is good, then he has the possibility to recover fully.
Symptoms of Acute Renal Failure
Some of the symptoms of acute renal failure are as follows:
Reduced production of urine.
Dazed or confused.
Nausea and vomiting.
Hard to breathe.
A buildup of fluid in the body, or edema.
Fatigue.
Dehydration.
Pain in the chest.
Back pain.
Stomach ache.
High blood pressure or hypertension.
In the initial phase, acute renal failure do not show any symptoms and can only be detected by laboratory testing. However, the disease can deteriorate very quickly, and suddenly the patient experienced some of the symptoms above.
Causes and Risk Factors for Acute Renal Failure
The majority of acute renal failure occurred because of reduced blood flow to the kidneys. Here are some things that can reduce blood flow to the kidneys:
Low blood volume, this occurs due to bleeding, excessive vomiting and diarrhea and severe dehydration.
The amount of blood that the heart pumps below normal, this happens because heart failure or malfunctioning liver.
Disorders of the blood vessels, which caused swelling and blockage in the major blood vessels to the kidneys.
Some certain drugs that can interfere with the blood supply to the kidney or even disrupt kidney. Examples of anti inflmasi non-steroidal (NSAID), a drug for hypertension, and certain antibiotics.
Liquid dyes, which are used in imaging tests and X-ray body
In addition to the reduced blood flow to the kidneys, acute renal failure can also be triggered by two of the following causes:
Blockage of the urinary tract, so that the waste can not be disposed of kidneys through urine.
Direct damage in the kidneys, which can be caused by the accumulation of cholesterol, blood clotting, glomerulonephritis, lupus, multiple myeloma, scleroderma, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, infection, and certain medications.
There are several things that increase a person's risk of acute renal failure, namely:
Have a high risk of suffering from urinary tract obstruction.
Diabetes.
Liver disease.
The blood vessels in the arms and legs clogged.
Severe infection.
Dehydrated.
Aged 65 years or more.
Being in intensive care in hospital.
Diagnosis of Acute Renal Failure
Diagnosis is a step physicians to identify disease or condition that explains the symptoms and signs experienced by the patient. To diagnose acute renal failure, your doctor will do the following:
Blood test.
Urine tests and measurement of urine volume issued.
Imaging tests. The doctor can see the condition of the kidney through ultrasound or CT scan.
Biopsy or tissue sampling kidneys to be tested.
Typically, adult patients can be concluded affected by acute renal failure if the diagnosis as follows:
The content of creatinine in the blood above normal and rising.
Reduced urine volume discharged.
Treatment and Complications of Acute Renal Failure
Treatment performed on acute renal failure is highly dependent on the major cause of this condition and how long it has been experienced. Most patients with acute renal failure to be treated in hospital for treatment. But, there are some patients with acute renal failure can be treated at home.
If outpatients, so doctors usually recommend the following:
Advise patient to consult with a urologist and a nephrologist.
Treating infections that cause acute renal failure.
Increase the consumption of mineral water to avoid dehydration.
Do blood tests to monitor the levels of creatinine and salt.
Stopping treatment of any risk of causing acute renal failure.
Patients will be required to be hospitalized if you have the following conditions:
The risk of urinary blockage.
A disease that causes acute renal failure requiring immediate treatment.
The patient's condition is getting worse.
Patients affected by complications of acute renal failure.
For people who suffered acute renal failure severe enough, it may be required dialysis or dialysis procedure, because the kidneys are able to function as normal.
Acute renal failure can lead to some serious complications as follows:
Increased blood acidity. This condition causes nausea and vomiting, difficulty breathing, and dizziness.
Permanent kidney damage, which leads to loss of kidney function permanently.
The high content of potassium in the blood. This can lead to muscle weakness, paralysis and disorders of the heart rate.
Death.
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
Pain in the chest. Swelling of the lining that covers the heart (pericarditis), acute renal failure makes people feel the sensation of pain in the chest.
Prevention of Acute Renal Failure
All people at risk for acute renal failure should be monitored when they are sick or starting a new treatment. People are advised to undergo blood tests and check the volume of urine are routinely discarded.
The risk of acute renal failure can also be lowered by maintaining kidney health. Here are two ways to keep it:
Follow the instructions on the label when taking OTC drugs. For example, ibuprofen and aspirin.
Consult with your doctor to deal with renal impairment. Follow the doctor's recommendations for keeping the body against diseases that can lead to acute renal failure.
Live a healthy lifestyle. Exercise regularly, maintain a healthy diet, and avoid alcoholic beverages will help you reduce the risk of acute renal failure
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